Important!

	If you aren't sure whether the snake is poisonous, assume it is and begin the first-aid steps described here.
	Call 911 or your emergency number.

Rattlesnake, Copperhead and Cottonmouth Bites

	Increasing pain at bite site
	Rapid swelling and skin discoloration at bite site
	Twitching skin
	Dizziness
	Nausea
	Sweating
	Numbness around mouth

	Pain at bite site
	Drowsiness
	Slurred speech
	Double vision
	Sweating
	Nausea
	Delirium
	Seizures

1. Keep the victim calm and still. If possible, place the bite below the level of the victim's heart.
   
   
2. Identify the snake, if you can. This is important so the victim can get the proper antivenin at the hospital. If you have to kill the snake, do not damage its head. WARNING: Do not endanger yourself by getting too close to the snake.
        There are four types of poisonous snakes in the United States: rattlesnakes, copperheads, cottonmouths (also called water moccasins) and coral snakes (also called harlequin or bead snakes).

   Illustration: Snakebite Marks
   
   

3. Call 911 or your emergency number. Report what kind of snake bit the victim.
   
   
4. Check the victim's ABCs. If the victim is not breathing or does not have a pulse or heartbeat, begin CPR.
   
   
5. If the bite is on the victim's arm or leg, tie tourniquet, or band, above it. Loosen the band for a minute or two every 15 to 30 minutes. If swelling extends to the band, move it a few inches higher. WARNING: Do not apply a band if you suspect that the victim was bitten by a coral snake.

   Illustration: Tourniquet
   
   

6. Only if all of the following are true, cut into the bite and suck out the venom:
   

   	You are sure that the snake was poisonous.
   	The snake was not a coral snake.
   	The bite occurred within the past five minutes.
   	It will take more than 30 minutes to get medical help.

   With a sterile razor blade, cut just through the skin and through the bite mark. With a suction cup or your mouth, suck out the venom. WARNING: Cut along the length of a limb, not across it. Do not make any cuts on the victim's head, neck or torso. Do not swallow the venom; spit it out. WARNING: Do not suck the venom if you have open sores in or on your mouth.
   
   

7. Gently wash the bite with soap and water. Pat dry, don't rub.
   
   
8. Remove any constricting jewelry or clothing near the bite.
   
   
9. Place a clean cloth bandage over the bite.
   
   
10. Watch for signs of a severe allergic reaction. See Anaphylactic Shock.
    
    
11. If the victim needs to move, do not let him walk. Carry him.